subtilis DDBCC 46, with specific primers of Bacillus phage SPP1. subtilis.Īn 816 bp gene encoding an endolysin enzyme, was approved in the B. The NCBI, Virus-Host DB, and EXPASY databases were used to obtain and confirm the sequences of the genes encoding PG hydrolases in Siphoviridea phages hosted in B. The phage particles were extracted from the bacteria using the minimum inhibition concentration of mitomycin C, followed by testing the phage inhibitory effect on the growth of indicator bacteria. The endolysin (s) was extracted, concentrated with ammonium sulfate saturation, and their activity evaluated against the indicator bacteria. The Bacillus subtilis strain DDBCC46 was isolated from a preliminary antibacterial screening program. This study was aimed to identify endolysins from the lysogenic phage of the Siphoviridea family in Bacillus subtilis. With a priority for overcoming drug-resistance, we screened against endolysins targeting Gram-negative bacteria to introduce a new antibacterial agent. The great potential of bacteriophage for removing pathogen bacteria via targeting the cell wall is highly concerned. Since many of these phage treatments are of infections for which antibiotic therapy had not been successful, their collective effectiveness is suggestive of a valid utility in employing phages to treat otherwise difficult-to-cure bacterial infections. Roughly three-quarters of these potentially phage-mediated outcomes are based on microbiological as well as clinical results, with the rest based on clinical success. Two of these are randomized, double-blinded, infection-treatment studies while 14 of those studies, in our opinion, provide superior evidence of a phage role in observed treatment successes.

We find that about half of 70 human phage treatment reports-published in English thus far in the 2000s-are suggestive of phage-mediated anti-bacterial infection efficacy. Our aim is to answer one question: do phages serve as effective anti-bacterial infection agents when used clinically? An important emphasis of our analyses is on whether phage therapy-associated anti-bacterial infection efficacy can be reasonably distinguished from that associated with often coadministered antibiotics. Here we consider modern use of phages in clinical settings. That this property could be medically useful was first recognized over one hundred years ago, with 2021 being the 100-year anniversary of the first clinical phage therapy publication.

Many bacteriophages are obligate killers of bacteria.

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